Lack of access to good-quality rice seeds, inadequate storage facilities to keep seeds healthy and viable for the next cropping season, not haing enough money to buy seeds, and experiencing long hungry months -- these are some of the reasons Arakan Valley farmers adopted the community-based seed systems (CBSS). This chapter discusses CBSS has evolved in the area and how it was able to help farmers to raise their productivity and preserve their time-treasured landraces.